Mortgage Basics
A mortgage is a loan used to purchase real estate, where the property serves as collateral. Most mortgages are repaid over 15-30 years with monthly payments that include principal and interest.
Payment Components
- Principal: The amount borrowed to buy the home
- Interest: The cost of borrowing money
- Property Taxes: Annual taxes paid to local government
- Insurance: Homeowners insurance to protect the property
- PMI: Private mortgage insurance if down payment is less than 20%
Affordability Rules
Lenders typically use the 28/36 rule: housing costs shouldn't exceed 28% of gross monthly income, and total debt payments shouldn't exceed 36% of gross monthly income.